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29/10/04
- Elections
américaines - Une nouvelle étude au coeur de la campagne : 100.000 morts
en Irak depuis le début de l'invasion en 2003 - New study : 100,000
excess deaths, or more have happened since the 2003 invasion of Iraq...
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health 28/10/04
"Civilian deaths have risen dramatically
in Iraq since the country was invaded in March 2003, according to
a survey conducted by researchers from the Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Columbia University
School of Nursing and Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad. The
researchers found that the majority of deaths were attributed to
violence, which were primarily the result of military actions by
Coalition forces. Most of those killed by Coalition forces were
women and children. However, the researchers stressed that they
found no evidence of improper conduct by the Coalition soldiers.
The survey is the first countrywide attempt to calculate the
number of civilian deaths in Iraq since the war began. The United
States military does not keep records on civilian deaths and
recordkeeping by the Iraq Ministry of Health is limited. The study
is published in the October 29, 2004, online edition of The
Lancet.
“Our findings need to be
independently verified with a larger sample group. However, I
think our survey demonstrates the importance of collecting
civilian casualty information during a war and that it can be done,” said lead author Les Roberts,
PhD, an associate with the
Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Center
for International Emergency, Disaster and Refugee Studies.
The researchers conducted their survey in September 2004. They
randomly selected 33 neighborhoods of 30 homes from across Iraq
and interviewed the residents about the number and ages of the
people living in each home. Over 7,800 Iraqis were included.
Residents were questioned about the number of births and deaths
that occurred in the household since January 2002. Information was
also collected about the causes and circumstances of each death.
When possible, the deaths were verified with a death certificate
or other documentation.
The researchers compared the mortality rate among civilians in
Iraq during the 14.6 months prior to the March 2003 invasion with
the 17.8 month period following the invasion. The sample group
reported 46 deaths prior to the March 2003 and 142 deaths
following the invasion. The results were calculated twice, both
with and without information from the city of Falluja. The
researchers felt the excessive violence from combat in Falluja
could skew the overall mortality rates. Excluding information from
Falluja, they estimate that 100,000 more Iraqis died than would
have been expected had the invasion not occurred. Eighty-four
percent of the deaths were reported to be caused by the actions of
Coalition forces and 95 percent of those deaths were due to air
strikes and artillery.
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“There is a real necessity for accurate
monitoring of civilian deaths during combat situations. Otherwise
it is impossible to know the extent of the problems civilians may
be facing or how to protect them,” explained study co-author Gilbert
Burnham, MD, associate professor of International Health at
the Bloomberg School of Public Health and director of the Center
for International, Disaster and Refugee Studies.
“Mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of
Iraq: cluster sample survey” was written by Les Roberts, Riyadh
Lafta, Richard Garfield, Jamal Khudhairi and Gilbert Burnham.
Roberts and Burham are with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health. Lafta and Khudhairi are with the
College of Medicine at Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad.
Garfield is with the Columbia University School of Nursing.
The study was funded by the Center for International Emergency,
Disaster and Refugee Studies at the Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Small Arms
Survey in Geneva, Switzerland.
Lire également, Read also :
Revealed:
War has cost 100,000 Iraqi lives
The Independant 29/10/04
"The first scientific study of the human cost of the Iraq war
suggests that at least 100,000 Iraqis have lost their lives since
their country was invaded in March 2003.
More than half of those who died were women and children killed in
air strikes, researchers say. Previous estimates have put the
Iraqi death toll at around 10,000 - ten times the 1,000 members of
the British, American and multi-national forces who have died so
far. But the study, published in The Lancet, suggested that Iraqi
casualties could be as much as 100 times the coalition losses. It
was also savagely critical of the failure by coalition forces to
count Iraqi casualties..."
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