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Développement
- Les dangers cachés de l'économie "grise" - The hidden
dangers of the informal economy...
The
hidden dangers of the informal economy
The McKinsey Quarterly, 2004 Number 3
"It's no secret that some
companies operate partially or wholly outside the law by
underreporting employment, avoiding taxes, ignoring product
quality and safety regulations, infringing copyrights, and even
failing to register as legal entities... The World Bank estimates
that this informal economy generates 40 percent of the GNP of
low-income nations and 17 percent of the GNP of high-income ones..."
"...Policy makers show surprisingly little concern about this
phenomenon. In emerging markets, governments frequently view it as
a social issue and fail to understand its damaging effect on
productivity and economic growth. The informal economy, they
believe, creates jobs for unskilled workers and relieves urban
employment tensions. Some academics argue that the informal
economy will disappear over time as the formal manufacturing and
service sectors grow and create more jobs. Well-meaning
development experts believe that informal companies themselves
will grow and eventually join the formal economy if they are given
credit and other types of technical assistance—hence the popular
"microcredit" programs of recent years..."
"...Competition is therefore distorted because inefficient
informal players stay in business and prevent more productive,
formal companies from gaining market share. Any short-term
employment benefits of informality are thus greatly outweighed by
its long-term negative impact on economic growth and job creation..."
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